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2009 Nobel Prizes
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The 2009 Nobel
Prizes in Peace,
Literature,
Economics, Chemistry,
Physics,
Physiology or
Medicine
Prize:
Peace
Barack Obama
"for
his extraordinary
efforts to
strengthen
international
diplomacy and
cooperation
between peoples “
Prize:
Literature
Herta Müller
"who, with the
concentration of
poetry and the
frankness of
prose, depicts
the landscape of
the dispossessed"
Prize:
Economics
Elinor Ostrom
"for her analysis
of economic
governance,
especially the
commons"
Oliver E.
Williamson
"for his
analysis of
economic
governance,
especially the
boundaries of the
firm"
Prize:
Chemistry
Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan,
Thomas A. Steitz
and
Ada E. Yonath
"for
studies of the
structure and
function of the
ribosome"
Prize:
Physics
Charles K. Kao
"for
groundbreaking
achievements
concerning the
transmission of
light in fibers
for optical
communication
&
Willard S. Boyle
and George E.
Smith
"for the
invention of an
imaging
semiconductor
circuit – the CCD
sensor"
Prize:
Physiology or
Medicine
Elizabeth H.
Blackburn, Carol
W. Greider and
Jack W. Szostak
“"for the
discovery of how
chromosomes are
protected by
telomeres and the
enzyme
telomerase"
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2008
Nobel Prizes
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The 2008 Nobel Prizes in Peace,
Literature, Economics, Chemistry,
Physics, Physiology or Medicine
Prize:
Peace
Martti Ahtisaari
"for his important efforts, on
several continents and over more
than three decades, to resolve
international conflicts"
Prize:
Literature
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
“author of new departures,
poetic adventure and sensual
ecstasy, explorer of a humanity
beyond and below the reigning
civilization"
Prize:
Economics
Paul Krugman
"for his analysis of trade
patterns and location of economic
activity"
Prize:
Chemistry
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie
and Roger Y. Tsien
“for the discovery and
development of the green
fluorescent protein, GFP"
Prize:
Physics
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi
and Toshihide Maskawa
"for the discovery of the
mechanism of spontaneous broken
symmetry in subatomic physics"
&
"for the discovery of the
origin of the broken symmetry which
predicts the existence of at least
three families of quarks in nature"
Prize:
Physiology or Medicine
Harald zur Hausen, Françoise
Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
“for his discovery of human
papilloma viruses causing cervical
cancer"
&
"for their discovery of human
immunodeficiency virus" |
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2007
Nobel Prizes
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The
2007 Nobel Prizes in Peace, Literature, Economics, Chemistry, Physics,
Physiology or Medicine
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and
Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
"for
their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made
climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to
counteract such change"
Doris
Lessing
"that
epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power
has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"
Leonid
Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin and Roger B. Myerson
"for
having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"
Gerhard
Ertl
"for
his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
Albert
Fert and Peter Grünberg
"for
the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance"
Mario
R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies
"for
their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in
mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
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2006
Nobel Prizes
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The
2006 Nobel Prizes in Peace, Literature, Economics, Chemistry, Physics,
Physiology or Medicine
Muhammad
Yunus and Grameen Bank
"for their efforts to create economic and social
development from below"
Orhan
Pamuk
"who in the quest
for the melancholic soul of his
native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of
cultures"
Edmund
S. Phelps
"for his analysis of
intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy".
Roger
D. Kornberg
"for his studies of the
molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription".
John
C. Mather and George
F. Smoot
"for their discovery of the
blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background
radiation".
Andrew
Z. Fire and Craig
C. Mello
"for
their discovery of
RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA".
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2005
Nobel Prizes
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The
2005 Nobel Prizes in Literature, Economics, Peace, Chemistry, Physics,
Physiology or Medicine
Harold
Pinter
who
in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into
oppression's closed rooms.
Robert
J. Aumann
and Thomas C. Schelling
for
having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through
game-theory analysis.
International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei
"for
their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes
and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest
possible way"
Yves
Chauvin,
Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock
"for
the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis".
Roy
J. Glauber
"for
his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"
and
John
L. Hall,
and Theodor W. Hänsch
"for
their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy,
including the optical frequency comb technique".
Barry
J. Marshall and J.
Robin Warren
"for
their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis
and peptic ulcer disease".
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2004
Nobel Prizes
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The
2004 Nobel Prizes in Economics, Peace, Literature, Chemistry, Physics,
Physiology or Medicine
Finn
E. Kydland and Edward
C. Prescott
"for
their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic
policy and the driving forces behind business cycles".
Wangari
Maathai
"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and
peace"
Elfriede
Jelinek
"for
her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with
extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich s and
their subjugating power"
Aaron
Ciechanover, Avram
Hershko, and Irwin Rose
"for
the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
David
J. Gross,
H. David Politzer, and Frank Wilczek
"for
the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction
"
Richard
Axel
and Linda B. Buck
"for
their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory
system"
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